Although annexins lack signal sequences for secretion, some members of the family have also been identified extracellularly where they can act as receptors for serum proteases on the endothelium as well as inhibitors of neutrophil migration and blood coagulation. At least for some annexins, it appears that they participate in the regulation of membrane organization and membrane traffic and the regulation of ion (Ca2+) currents across membranes or Ca2+ concentrations within cells. Cellular and animal knock-out models as well as dominant-negative mutants have recently been established for a number of annexins, and the effects of such manipulations are strikingly different for different members of the family. This domain, which NH2-terminally precedes the core, is unique for a given member of the family and most likely specifies individual annexin properties in vivo. In addition to the conserved core, all annexins contain a second principal domain. Many of the annexin cores have been crystallized, and their molecular structures reveal interesting features that include the architecture of the annexin-type Ca2+ binding sites and a central hydrophilic pore proposed to function as a Ca2+ channel.
Structurally, annexins are characterized by a highly alpha-helical and tightly packed protein core domain considered to represent a Ca2+-regulated membrane binding module. Emerging data demonstrate that in the brain ATP is involved in the operation of several key cardiorespiratory reflexes, contributes to central processing of viscerosensory information, mediates central CO(2) chemosensory transduction and triggers adaptive changes in breathing, and modulates the activities of the brainstem vagal preganglionic, presympathetic and respiratory neural networks.Īnnexins are Ca2+ and phospholipid binding proteins forming an evolutionary conserved multigene family with members of the family being expressed throughout animal and plant kingdoms.
Recently, the role of ATP-mediated signalling in the central nervous control of autonomic function has been addressed. ATP is released together with 'classical' transmitters from sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supplying various peripheral targets, modulates neurotransmission in autonomic ganglia, has an important role in local enteric neural control and coordination of intestinal secretion and motility, and acts as a common mediator for several distinct sensory modalities. RNA, Capsule shell (Gelatine and Water), L-Glutamine, Pisum sativum Organic Vegetable Culture†, Calcium Pantothenate, Magnesium Glycinate, Potassium Citrate, Pyridoxine HCl, D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate, Zinc Gluconate, Niacinamide, Riboflavin, Thiamine mononitrate, DNA, PABA, Magnesium Stearate (Vegetable Source), Biotin, Natural Mixed Carotenoids and Methylcobalamin.Intercellular purinergic signalling, which utilizes ATP as a transmitter, is fundamental for the operation of the autonomic nervous system. nucleo cmp forte,citidn-5 monofosfato,uridn-5, trifosfato trisdico Esta pgina emplea tanto cookies propias como de terceros para recopilar informacin estadstica de su navegacin por internet y mostrarle publicidad y/o informacin relacionada con sus gustos. Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate) Panthothenic Acid (as calcium pantothenate) Microbial Balancers (Parasites Yeast Bacteria Viruses).